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Javadin
clonidine
Adult Dosing .
Dosage forms: SOL: 0.02 mg per mL
HTN
- [0.1-0.8 mg/day PO divided bid]
- Start: 0.1 mg PO bid, may incr. by 0.1 mg/day qwk; Max: 2.4 mg/day; Info: consider lower start dose in elderly patients; if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
Tourette syndrome (off-label)
- [0.1-0.3 mg/day PO divided bid-qid]
- Start: 0.025-0.05 mg PO qd, then may titrate slowly; Max: 0.6 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
opioid withdrawal (off-label)
- [0.1-0.3 mg PO tid-qid]
- Start: 0.1-0.2 mg PO bid-qid; Max: 1.2 mg/day; Info: adjust dose based on clinical response and adverse effects; hold tx if BP <90/60; taper dose gradually to D/C approximately 7-10 days after opioid cessation
renal dosing
- [see below]
- renal impairment: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly
- HD: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly; no supplement after dialysis; PD: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly; no supplement
hepatic dosing
- [not defined]
Peds Dosing .
- Dosage forms: SOL: 0.02 mg per mL
ADHD (off-label)
- [27-40.5 kg]
- Dose: 0.003-0.005 mg/kg/day PO divided tid-qid; Start: 0.05 mg PO qhs, then may incr. by 0.05 mg/day q3-7 days; Max: 0.05 mg/dose up to 0.2 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
- [40.5-45 kg]
- Dose: 0.003-0.005 mg/kg/day PO divided tid-qid; Start: 0.05 mg PO qhs, then may incr. by 0.05 mg/day q3-7 days; Max: 0.1 mg/dose up to 0.3 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
- [>45 kg]
- Dose: 0.003-0.005 mg/kg/day PO divided tid-qid; Start: 0.1 mg PO qhs, then may incr. by 0.1 mg/day q3-7 days; Max: 0.1 mg/dose up to 0.4 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
HTN (off-label)
- [12 yo and older]
- Dose: 0.2-0.8 mg/day PO divided bid; Start: 0.2 mg/day PO divided bid, may incr. by 0.1 mg/day qwk; Max: 2.4 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
HTN, acute severe (off-label)
- [0.05-0.1 mg PO q1h prn]
- Max: 0.8 mg/total dose; 8h; Info: for patients w/ non-life-threatening symptoms
Tourette syndrome (off-label)
- [7 yo and older]
- Dose: 0.1-0.3 mg/day PO divided bid-qid; Start: 0.025-0.05 mg PO qd, then may titrate slowly; Max: 0.4 mg/day; Info: if divided doses unequal, give larger dose in evening; taper dose over 2-4 days to D/C
neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, adjunct tx (off-label)
- [0.5-1 mcg/kg/dose PO q3-6h]
- Max: 8 mcg/kg/day; Info: refer to institutional protocol
renal dosing
- [see below]
- renal impairment: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly
- HD: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly; no supplement after dialysis; PD: consider decr. usual start dose, titrate slowly; no supplement
hepatic dosing
- [not defined]
Contraindications / Cautions .
- hypersensitivity to drug or ingredient
- above C4 dermatome administration (epidural use)
- injection site infection (epidural use)
- anticoagulant use, concurrent (epidural use)
- bleeding diathesis (epidural use)
- abrupt withdrawal
- caution: elderly patients
- caution: renal impairment
- caution: cardiovascular disease
- caution: cardiac conduction disturbance
- caution: bradycardia
- caution: syncope history
- caution: hypotension
- caution: hemodynamically unstable patients
- caution: CAD, severe
- caution: MI, recent
- caution: cerebrovascular disease
- caution: dehydration
- caution: depression history
- caution: CNS depressant use, concurrent
- caution: alcohol use, concurrent
Drug Interactions .
Overview
clonidine
alpha-2 agonist, central
- affects growth hormone diagnostic test results
- antihypertensive agent
- bradycardia
- CNS depression
- delays atrioventricular conduction
- hyperglycemic effects
- hypoglycemic effects
- hypotensive effects
Avoid/Use Alternative
- 5-HTP
- acebutolol
- adenosine
- aldesleukin
- alfentanil
- allopurinol
- almotriptan
- alprazolam
- amantadine
- amiodarone
- amitriptyline
- amoxapine
- apomorphine
- apraclonidine ophthalmic
- aripiprazole bimonthly injection
- aripiprazole lauroxil
- aripiprazole monthly injection
- aripiprazole oral
- arsenic trioxide
- asenapine
- atazanavir
- atenolol
- baclofen
- baclofen intrathecal
- betaxolol
- bisoprolol
- brexpiprazole
- brigatinib
- brimonidine ophthalmic
- brimonidine topical
- brivaracetam
- bromocriptine
- brompheniramine
- buprenorphine
- buspirone
- butalbital
- butorphanol
- cannabidiol
- cannabis
- carbamazepine
- carbinoxamine
- cariprazine
- carisoprodol
- carteolol ophthalmic
- carvedilol
- cenobamate
- cetirizine
- chamomile, German
- chlophedianol
- chlordiazepoxide
- chlorpheniramine
- chlorpromazine
- chlorzoxazone
- citalopram
- clemastine
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- clonazepam
- clonidine
- clorazepate
- clozapine
- codeine
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- darifenacin
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- desvenlafaxine
- deutetrabenazine
- dexbrompheniramine
- dexchlorpheniramine
- dexmedetomidine
- dexmedetomidine injection
- diazepam
- dichlorphenamide
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- difenoxin
- dihydrocodeine
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- ethanol
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- ethosuximide
- etrasimod
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- metyrosine
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- mirtazapine
- mitotane
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- morphine
- mosunetuzumab
- mycophenolate mofetil
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- nelarabine
- nortriptyline
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- zolmitriptan
- zolpidem
- zonisamide
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Monitor/Modify Tx
- abiraterone acetate
- albuterol
- albuterol inhaled
- alectinib
- alfuzosin
- aliskiren
- amifostine
- amiloride
- amlodipine
- amphetamine
- aprocitentan
- arformoterol inhaled
- armodafinil
- articaine
- asciminib
- aspirin
- atogepant
- atomoxetine
- atropine ophthalmic
- avanafil
- axitinib
- azilsartan medoxomil
- benazepril
- benzphetamine
- berberine
- betamethasone
- betaxolol ophthalmic
- bethanechol
- bevacizumab
- bexagliflozin
- bismuth subsalicylate
- bortezomib
- budesonide
- bumetanide
- bupivacaine
- bupivacaine liposomal
- bupropion
- cabergoline
- cabozantinib
- caffeine
- caffeine citrate
- canagliflozin
- candesartan cilexetil
- captopril
- carfilzomib
- celecoxib
- ceritinib
- chloroprocaine
- chlorothiazide
- chlorthalidone
- cilostazol
- clevidipine
- clofarabine
- cocaine
- coenzyme Q-10
- copanlisib
- corticotropin
- cortisone
- crizotinib
- cyclosporine
- danazol
- dapagliflozin
- darbepoetin alfa
- deflazacort
- denileukin diftitox
- desflurane
- desmopressin
- dexamethasone
- dexmethylphenidate
- dextroamphetamine
- diclofenac
- diclofenac topical
- diethylpropion
- diflunisal
- digoxin
- dihydroergotamine
- dinutuximab
- dipyridamole
- doxapram
- doxazosin
- droxidopa
- empagliflozin
- enalapril
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- ensartinib
- enzalutamide
- ephedra
- ephedrine injection
- ephedrine oral
- epinephrine
- epinephrine inhaled
- eplerenone
- epoetin alfa
- epoprostenol
- eptinezumab
- erenumab
- ergotamine
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- estetrol (contraceptive)
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- ethacrynic acid
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- etodolac
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- felodipine
- fenoldopam
- fenoprofen
- ferumoxytol
- flaxseed
- fludrocortisone
- flurbiprofen
- formoterol inhaled
- fosinopril
- fostamatinib
- fremanezumab
- fruquintinib
- furosemide
- galcanezumab
- garlic
- gilteritinib
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- glyburide
- hoodia
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- hydrocortisone
- hydroxocobalamin IV
- ibrutinib
- ibuprofen
- iloprost
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- insulin
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- iron sucrose
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- isradipine
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- levothyroxine
- licorice
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- niacin (vitamin B3)
- nicardipine
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- nitric oxide
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- obinutuzumab
- octreotide
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- osilodrostat
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- oxymetazoline nasal
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- oxytocin
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- pazopanib
- pentamidine
- perindopril
- pexidartinib
- phendimetrazine
- phenoxybenzamine
- phentermine
- phentolamine
- phenylephrine
- phenylephrine injection
- phenylephrine nasal
- phenylephrine ophthalmic
- phenylephrine rectal
- piroxicam
- ponatinib
- pralsetinib
- prazosin
- prednisolone
- prednisone
- propofol
- pseudoephedrine
- pyridostigmine
- quinapril
- quinidine (antiarrhythmic)
- ramipril
- ramucirumab
- regorafenib
- rimegepant
- riociguat
- ripretinib
- rivastigmine
- ropivacaine
- sacubitril
- salmeterol inhaled
- salsalate
- selpercatinib
- sevoflurane
- sildenafil
- silodosin
- sodium ferric gluconate complex
- sorafenib
- sotagliflozin
- sparsentan
- spironolactone
- succinylcholine
- sugammadex
- sulindac
- sunitinib
- tacrolimus
- tadalafil
- tagraxofusp
- tamsulosin
- taurine
- telmisartan
- terazosin
- terbutaline
- teriflunomide
- testosterone
- tetrahydrozoline ophthalmic
- thyroid
- timolol ophthalmic
- tivozanib
- tolmetin
- torsemide
- trametinib
- trandolapril
- treprostinil
- triamcinolone
- triamterene
- ubrogepant
- vadadustat
- valsartan
- vamorolone
- vandetanib
- vardenafil
- vasopressin
- vilanterol inhaled
- vinpocetine
- voclosporin
- vosoritide
- zavegepant
- ziv-aflibercept
Adverse Reactions .
Serious Reactions
- hypotension, severe
- syncope
- bradycardia
- AV block
- hypersensitivity reaction
- angioedema
- depression
- withdrawal symptoms if abrupt D/C
- rebound HTN if abrupt D/C
Common Reactions
- somnolence
- headache
- hypotension
- abdominal pain
- fatigue
- nightmares
- nausea
- nasal congestion
- irritability
- throat pain
- insomnia
- constipation
- emotional disturbance
- xerostomia
- bradycardia
- dizziness
- withdrawal symptoms
- appetite decr.
Safety/Monitoring .
Monitoring Parameters
Cr at baseline; vital signs frequently if cardiac conduction disturbance; HR, BP at baseline in patients w/ ADHD or Tourette syndrome, after dose increases, then periodically
Look/Sound-Alike Drug Names
cloNIDine confused with: Cardizem; cetirizine; cloBAZam; clonazePAM; colchicine; KlonoPIN
Pregnancy/Lactation .
Pregnancy
Clinical Summary
weigh risk/benefit during pregnancy; risk of teratogenicity not expected based on human data, though possible risk of decr. birth wt based on limited human data
Pregnancy Registry
enroll patients or encourage patients to enroll in National Pregnancy Registry for ADHD Medications at 1-866-961-2388 or https://womensmentalhealth.org/adhd-medications
Lactation
Clinical Summary
weigh risk/benefit while breastfeeding; inadequate human data available, though possible risk of infant sedation, hypotonia, and apnea; inadequate human data available, though theoretical risk of decr. milk production based on decr. prolactin levels
Pharmacology .
Metabolism: liver; CYP450: unknown
Excretion: urine (40-60% unchanged), bile/feces 20%; Half-life: 6-20h, 17.5-41h (renal impairment)
Subclass: Alpha Agonists, Cardiovascular ; Alpha Agonists, Psychiatric ; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ; Dependence: Opioids ; Tic Disorders/Tourette Syndrome
Mechanism of Action
stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (centrally-acting antihypertensive); epidural clonidine prevents pain signal transmission to the brain, producing analgesia at spinal presynaptic and postjunctional alpha-2 adrenergic receptors; exact mechanism of action in ADHD unknown; may involve pre-frontal cortex brain activities
Formulary .
No Formulary Selected
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