Polycystic ovary syndrome - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age.
A leading cause of infertility and pregnancy complications.
Associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (formerly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Main treatment goals are to reduce hyperandrogenism or to induce fertility.
Letrozole and clomiphene are considered first-line pharmacologic treatments for infertility in PCOS. Increasing evidence suggests that letrozole may be superior to clomiphene.

Polycystic ovarian ultrasound

From the collection of Dr M. O. Goodarzi; used with permission

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Simplified diagram of the main pathogenic factors in PCOS. ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone
Acanthosis nigricans involving the axilla of an obese white woman
Polycystic ovarian ultrasound

Citations

Key Articles

Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Aug 11;2:16057.[Abstract]
Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):2447-69.[Abstract][Full Text]
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 194: polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun;131(6):e157-71.[Abstract]

Other Online Resources

Resources for Women with PCOS
World Health Organization: polycystic ovary syndrome
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and diabetes
Androgen Excess and PCOS Society
The Hormone Health Network: information on PCOS

Referenced Articles

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115. Weiss NS, Kostova E, Nahuis M, et al. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 16;1:CD010290.[Abstract][Full Text]
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