Highlights & Basics
- The organism Pneumocystis jirovecii was known formerly as Pneumocystis carinii.
- Suspicion for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is based on clinical signs or symptoms of pneumonia in a person with immune suppression, especially when due to HIV infection.
- Diagnosis is made by detection of the organism in either induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage.
- The treatment of choice is trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
- The incidence of PCP is declining with the use of combination antiretroviral therapy and PCP prophylaxis.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Images
Posteroanterior chest x-ray showing severe, bilateral pulmonary interstitial infiltrates with pneumatoceles
Computed tomography scan of the thorax showing bilateral pulmonary interstitial infiltrates and pneumatoceles (cysts), which are typical of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
Posteroanterior chest x-ray showing mild, reticular, bilateral pulmonary interstitial infiltrates
Photomicrograph of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid showing Pneumocystis cysts, stained black with Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver stain (methyl green counterstain)
Algorithm for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Citations
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National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Sep 2024 [internet publication].[Full Text]
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Ewald H, Raatz H, Boscacci R, et al. Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 2;(4):CD006150.[Abstract][Full Text]
Cooley L, Dendle C, Wolf J, et al. Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. Intern Med J. 2014 Dec;44(12b):1350-63.[Abstract][Full Text]
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