Highlights & Basics
- Bruxism is an umbrella term grouping together different motor phenomena of jaw muscles, including teeth grinding, teeth clenching and bracing or thrusting of the mandible.
- Bruxism can occur during sleep (sleep bruxism [SB]) or wakefulness (awake bruxism [AB]).
- Etiology is mainly dependent on central factors (stress sensitivity, emotions, personality features, sleep regulation, autonomic nervous system), rather than on peripheral nervous system function or dental morphology and occlusion.
- In healthy individuals, bruxism can be considered a muscle behavior, which can be harmless or represent a risk factor for clinical consequences, rather than being a disorder per se. Treatment need depends on the presence of clinically relevant consequences rather than the presence of bruxism itself.
- Bruxism may result in tooth wear or cracks, fracture of dental restorations, implant failure, muscle hypertrophy, pain and/or fatigue in jaw muscles, headache, toothache, disturbance of bed partner's sleep, and reduction in overall quality of life.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Images
Bruxism-related attrition reaching the dentine may result in tooth soreness and hypersensitivity
Tooth enamel chippings, cracks, and fractures of natural teeth together with attrition, abfraction, and abrasion due to ceramics
Erosion lesion
Tooth enamel chippings
Tooth fracture
Linea alba (white line) is a hyperkeratosis of the oral mucosa in the cheeks, representing a dental impression on the inside surface of the cheek
Tongue scalloping
Ambulatory EMG
Oral appliance wear
Oral appliance wear
Citations
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Manfredini D, Winocur E, Guarda-Nardini L, et al. Epidemiology of bruxism in adults: a systematic review of the literature. J Orofac Pain. 2013;27:99-110.[Abstract]
Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, et al. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:476-494.[Abstract]
Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Winocur E, et al. Management of sleep bruxism in adults: a qualitative systematic literature review. J Oral Rehabil. 2015;42:862-74.[Abstract]
Koyano K, Tsukiyama Y, Ichiki R, et al. Assessment of bruxism in the clinic. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:495-508.[Abstract]
Lobbezoo F, van der Zaag J, van Selms MK, et al. Principles for the management of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:509-523.[Abstract]
Huynh N, Manzini C, Rompré PH, et al. Weighing the potential effectiveness of various treatments for sleep bruxism. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73:727-730.[Abstract][Full Text]
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