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Highlights & Basics
- Acromegaly is a rare, chronic disease caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH), usually due to a pituitary somatotroph adenoma. It is associated with increased morbidity and premature mortality if not appropriately treated.
- The diagnosis is often delayed. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for reducing the potentially debilitating complications of the disease.
- Must be screened for in the presence of pituitary adenoma, profuse sweating, acral growth, coarsening of facial features, and when suspected in conjunction with commonly associated conditions, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, arthralgia, glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus, amenorrhea, hypertension, and sleep apnea.
- Modern surgical and pharmacologic modalities are associated with improved outcomes. Normalization of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and a decrease of plasma GH to below 1 microgram/L bring the mortality rate to normal.
- Monitoring and treatment of the comorbidities associated with acromegaly are essential for improving patient quality of life.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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Giustina A, Barkhoudarian G, Beckers A, et al. Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly: a consensus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020 Dec;21(4):667-78.[Abstract]
Fleseriu M, Biller BMK, Freda PU, et al. A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly management guidelines. Pituitary. 2021 Feb;24(1):1-13.[Abstract][Full Text]
Giustina A, Barkan A, Beckers A, et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly comorbidities: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):dgz096.[Abstract]
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