Highlights & Basics
- Reye syndrome is defined as acute encephalopathy with hepatic dysfunction stemming from mitochondrial damage.
- Etiology remains unknown, but viral infections, exogenous toxins, drugs, and inborn errors of metabolism have been implicated. Aspirin is classically associated but data are lacking for a definitive cause-effect relationship.
- Usually presents with acute onset of profuse vomiting and altered mental status, ranging from a personality change to coma, in children recovering from a recent viral infection.
- Laboratory findings include elevated ammonia, ALT/AST, and prolonged PT, without an increase in bilirubin. Liver biopsy shows steatosis without significant inflammation.
- Treatment includes intensive supportive care, correction of metabolic abnormalities, and control of intracranial pressure.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reye syndrome: 1990 clinical case definition. 1990 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Hurwitz ES, Nelson DB, Davis C, et al. National surveillance for Reye syndrome: a five-year review. Pediatrics. 1982 Dec;70(6):895-900.[Abstract]
Belay ED, Bresee JS, Holman RC, et al. Reye's syndrome in the United States from 1981 through 1997. N Engl J Med. 1999 May 6;340(18):1377-82.[Abstract][Full Text]
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Management of children and young people with an acute decrease in conscious level. Mar 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Hardie RM, Newton LH, Bruce JC, et al. The changing clinical pattern of Reye's syndrome 1982-1990. Arch Dis Child. 1996 May;74(5):400-45.[Abstract]
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