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Diseases

Snoring

OVERVIEW

  • Highlights & Basics
  • Images

DIAGNOSIS

  • Diagnostic Approach
  • Risk Factors
  • History & Exam
  • Tests
  • Differential Diagnosis
  • Criteria
  • Screening

TREATMENT

  • Tx Approach
  • Tx Options
  • Emerging Tx
  • Prevention

FOLLOW-UP

  • Overview
  • Complications

REFERENCES

  • Citations
  • Guidelines
  • Credits

PATIENT RESOURCES

  • Patient Instructions

Highlights & Basics

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Key Highlights
  • Snoring can be simple in nature or a symptom of sleep-disordered breathing secondary to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS).

  • Can be a significant problem for patients and any bed partners.

  • Diagnosis is guided by clinical suspicion of the underlying cause. Nasendoscopy can help localize the origin site of snoring. Polysomnography remains the definitive method for diagnosing OSA.

  • Management depends on the underlying cause. Options include lifestyle measures, treatments for nasal obstruction, oral appliance therapy, palatal implants and surgery, and continuous positive airway pressure. 

  • Childhood snoring is most commonly due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and usually resolves with age. Adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy or a combined procedure may be indicated in some cases. Children with OSA or UARS should be referred to a specialist.

Quick Reference

  • History & Exam

    • Key Factors

      • Other Factors

        More information...
      • Diagnostics Tests

          More information...
        • Treatment Options

            More information...

          Definition

          Epidemiology

          Etiology

          Pathophysiology

          content by BMJ Group
          Last updated

          Images

          • Crowded oropharynx due to tonsils, prominent posterior pillars, and large uvula

            Crowded oropharynx due to tonsils, prominent posterior pillars, and large uvula

          • Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, with removal of tonsils and uvula and suturing of uvula stump and pillars

            Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, with removal of tonsils and uvula and suturing of uvula stump and pillars, thereby creating an enlarged oropharyngeal inlet

          Citations

            Key Articles

            • American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM international classification of sleep disorders - third edition, text revision (ICSD-3-TR). Jun 2023 [internet publication].​[Full Text]

            • Fairbanks DNF, Mickelson SA, Woodson BT, eds. Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2003.

            • Ramar K, Dort LC, Katz SG, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and snoring with oral appliance therapy: an update for 2015. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015 Jul 15;11(7):773-827.[Abstract][Full Text]

            Other Online Resources

            • Epworth Sleepiness Scale

            Referenced Articles

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            • 37. Tvinnereim M, Mitic S, Hansen RK. Plasma radiofrequency preceded by pressure recording enhances success for treating sleep-related breathing disorders. Laryngoscope. 2007 Apr;117(4):731-6.[Abstract]

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            • 71. Johnston CD, Gleadhill IC, Cinnamond MJ, et al. Oral appliances for the management of severe snoring: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2001 Apr;23(2):127-34.[Abstract]

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            • 80. Stuck BA, Sauter A, Hormann K, et al. Radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate in the treatment of snoring. A placebo-controlled trial. Sleep. 2005 Jul;28(7):847-50.[Abstract]

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            • 82. Ferguson M, Smith TL, Zanation AM, et al. Radiofrequency tissue volume reduction: multilesion vs single lesion treatments for snoring. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001 Sep;127(9):1113-8.[Abstract][Full Text]

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