Highlights & Basics
- Transient ischemic attack (TIA) should be suspected when a patient presents with typical symptoms of rapidly resolving unilateral weakness or numbness, but also with less classic symptoms such as unilateral vision loss, diplopia, transient aphasia, or vertigo.
- In a patient who presents with ongoing neurologic deficit, aggressive treatment for stroke should not be delayed in the hope that the symptoms will spontaneously resolve.
- TIAs have considerable risk of early recurrent cerebral ischemic events. Evaluation and initiation of secondary prevention should occur rapidly.
- Evaluation focuses on workup of underlying etiology. Treatment hinges on secondary prevention with anticoagulants in cases of embolic etiology or thrombophilia (acquired or inherited), or with antiplatelet therapy for nonembolic events. Modifiable risk factors such as carotid stenosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and lifestyle are other targets of therapy.
- In addition to a complete neurologic exam and evaluation for diseases that mimic TIA, diagnostic imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted images may be helpful to detect evidence of subclinical cerebral infarction.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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