Dengue fever - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Dengue fever is a notifiable condition in the US. In dengue-endemic regions, suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of dengue infection should be reported to the relevant authorities as soon as possible.
Endemic in more than 100 countries, including countries in the Southeast Asian and Western Pacific regions, the Americas, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. Asia represents approximately 70% of the global burden of disease.
Severe dengue fever is characterized by marked thrombocytopenia, severe hemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment.
Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. Difficult to distinguish clinically from Zika and chikungunya virus infections without diagnostic testing.
No specific antiviral agent has been developed. Meticulous fluid therapy and the identification of the critical phase are the most important aspects of management.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito, which spreads the dengue virus

From the collection of N. Samarasinghe, Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

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History & Exam
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

The Aedes aegypti mosquito, which spreads the dengue virus
Typical skin flushing with islands of normal skin in patient with dengue fever
Positive tourniquet test showing presence of rubelliform rash and petechiae
Autopsy specimen showing hemorrhage of the lung
Autopsy specimen showing subcutaneous bleeding

Citations

Key Articles

World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever - revised and expanded edition. 2011 [internet publication].[Full Text]
World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR). Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. New edition. 2009 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Guo C, Zhou Z, Wen Z, et al. Global epidemiology of dengue outbreaks in 1990-2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2017 Jul 12;7:317.[Abstract][Full Text]
Simmons CP, Farrar JJ, Nguyen VV, et al. Dengue. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1423-1432.[Abstract]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dengue: treatment. May 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Other Online Resources

HealthMap: interactive map of global dengue activity
Pan American Health Organization: reported cases of dengue fever in the Americas
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): dengue - prevention
World Mosquito Program™
World Health Organization: dengue control
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): dengue
World Health Organization: dengue and severe dengue
World Health Organization: dengue outbreak toolbox

Referenced Articles

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