Parkinson disease - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurologic disorder characterized by the presence of bradykinesia with at least one of rest tremor or rigidity.
It has an insidious, often asymmetric, onset.
PD is associated with numerous, often disabling, nonmotor symptoms.
Diagnosis is made clinically, based on history and neurologic exam.
Treatment is symptomatic and should be personalized, and involves multidisciplinary care to address both motor and nonmotor symptoms and improve quality of life.

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History & Exam
- Key Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2015 Oct;30(12):1591-601.[Abstract]
Internation Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. MDS position paper: diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Mar 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Pringsheim T, Day GS, Smith DB, et al; Guideline Subcommittee of the AAN. Dopaminergic therapy for motor symptoms in early Parkinson disease practice guideline summary: a report of the AAN Guideline Subcommittee. Neurology. 2021 Nov 16;97(20):942-57.[Abstract][Full Text]
Seppi K, Ray Chaudhuri K, Coelho M, et al. Update on treatments for nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease - an evidence-based medicine review. Mov Disord. 2019 Feb;34(2):180-98.[Abstract][Full Text]
Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, et al. International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society evidence-based medicine review: update on treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2018 Aug;33(8):1248-66.[Abstract][Full Text]
Rughani A, Schwalb JM, Sidiropoulos C, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guideline on subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease: executive summary. Neurosurgery. 2018 Jun 1;82(6):753-6.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

TRANSEURO
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
American Academy of Neurology
American Parkinson Disease Association
Parkinson's UK
Parkinson's Foundation
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS)

Referenced Articles

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