Renal cell carcinoma - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignancy arising from the renal parenchyma/cortex. Clear cell RCC accounts for the majority (80% to 90%) of primary renal malignancies.
Incidence is increasing along with stage migration to more early-stage diagnosis due to the frequent use of sensitive imaging. Often asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally.
Most cases are sporadic, although at least four hereditary clinical kidney cancer syndromes have been identified.
Assessment of primary tumor, regional lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and classification of histologic subtypes are of paramount importance for making treatment decisions.
Surgery for early/local disease can be curative in over 90% of patients; surveillance and/or biopsy may be the most appropriate strategy in some patients with small renal masses. Risk of distant relapse remains 30% for curatively resected RCC.

Gross pathology showing localized right upper pole kidney cancer

From the collection of M. Jewett; used with permission

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Bosniak classification
CT scan showing localized right upper pole kidney cancer
Gross pathology showing localized right upper pole kidney cancer

Citations

Key Articles

American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 May;30(5):706-20.[Abstract][Full Text]
European Association of Urology. Renal cell carcinoma. 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
National Cancer Comprehensive Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: kidney cancer [internet publication].[Full Text]
American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.[Abstract][Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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