Chronic myeloid leukemia - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may be asymptomatic at presentation in approximately 50% of patients. Symptoms, if present, typically include malaise, fever, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats.
Splenomegaly is the most common physical finding; nearly all patients will have elevated WBC count.
Presence of Philadelphia chromosome and/or molecular demonstration of the BCR::ABL1 transcript confirms diagnosis.
Treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gives long-term remission without significant adverse events in most patients.
Treatment-free remission may be attempted for select patients, and thus functional cure after TKI therapy is feasible.

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History & Exam
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

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BCR::ABL1 translocation

Citations

Key Articles

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: chronic myeloid leukemia [internet publication].[Full Text]
Hochhaus A, Baccarani M, Silver RT, et al. European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2020 Apr;34(4):966-84.[Abstract][Full Text]
Hochhaus A, Saussele S, Rosti G, et al. Chronic myeloid leukaemia: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017 Jul 1;28(Suppl 4):iv41-51.[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith G, Apperley J, Milojkovic D, et al. A British Society for Haematology guideline on the diagnosis and management of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2020 Oct;191(2):171-93.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

European LeukemiaNet: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
National Cancer Institute: Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program - common toxicity criteria: blood/bone marrow

Referenced Articles

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