Cirrhosis

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19. Lai JC, Rahimi RS, Verna EC, et al. Frailty associated with waitlist mortality independent of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy in a multicenter study. Gastroenterology. 2019 May;156(6):1675-82.[Abstract]

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22. Tantai X, Liu Y, Yeo YH, et al. Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2022 Mar;76(3):588-99.[Abstract][Full Text]

23. Mazeaud S, Zupo R, Couret A, et al. Prevalence of sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul 1;14(7):e00584.[Abstract][Full Text]

24. Tuo S, Yeo YH, Chang R, et al. Prevalence of and associated factors for sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2024 Jan;43(1):84-94.[Abstract]

25. Piano S, Bunchorntavakul C, Marciano S, et al. Infections in cirrhosis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Aug;9(8):745-57.[Abstract]

26. Alvarez MA, Cirera I, Solà R, et al. Long-term clinical course of decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis: a prospective study of 165 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Nov-Dec;45(10):906-11.[Abstract]

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29. Roerecke M, Vafaei A, Hasan OSM, et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct;114(10):1574-86.[Abstract][Full Text]

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34. Walter KL. What is cirrhosis? JAMA. 2023 Jul 25;330(4):386.[Abstract][Full Text]

35. Udell JA, Wang CS, Tinmouth J, et al. Does this patient with liver disease have cirrhosis? JAMA. 2012 Feb 22;307(8):832-42.[Abstract]

36. Ortega-Alonso A, Andrade RJ. Chronic liver injury induced by drugs and toxins. J Dig Dis. 2018 Sep;19(9):514-21.[Abstract]

37. Cheema HI, Haselow D, Dranoff JA. Review of existing evidence demonstrates that methotrexate does not cause liver fibrosis. J Investig Med. 2022 Oct;70(7):1452-60.[Abstract]

38. Andrade RJ, Medina-Caliz I, Gonzalez-Jimenez A, et al. Hepatic damage by natural remedies. Semin Liver Dis. 2018 Feb;38(1):21-40.[Abstract][Full Text]

39. Hassan MM, Spitz MR, Thomas MB, et al. The association of family history of liver cancer with hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in the United States. J Hepatol. 2009 Feb;50(2):334-41.[Abstract][Full Text]

40. Liu Y, Zhao Y, Gao X, et al. Recognizing skin conditions in patients with cirrhosis: a narrative review. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):3017-29.[Abstract][Full Text]

41. Ahmed Z, Ahmed U, Walayat S, et al. Liver function tests in identifying patients with liver disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2018 Aug 23;11:301-7.[Abstract][Full Text]

42. Sullivan MK, Daher HB, Rockey DC. Normal or near normal aminotransferase levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Am J Med Sci. 2022 Jun;363(6):484-9.[Abstract]

43. Giannini E, Risso D, Botta F, et al. Validity and clinical utility of the aspartate aminotransferase-alanine aminotransferase ratio in assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with hepatitis C virus-related chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Jan 27;163(2):218-24.[Abstract][Full Text]

44. Cai JJ, Wang K, Jiang HQ, et al. Characteristics, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of hyperkalemia in acute-on-chronic liver failure patients. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Feb 27;2019:6025726.[Abstract][Full Text]

45. Wallerstedt S, Simrén M, Wahlin S, et al. Moderate hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients with cirrhotic ascites indicates a poor prognosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar;48(3):358-65.[Abstract][Full Text]

46. O'Shea RS, Davitkov P, Ko CW, et al. AGA clinical practice guideline on the management of coagulation disorders in patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2021 Nov;161(5):1615-27.[Abstract][Full Text]

47. Afdhal N, McHutchison J, Brown R, et al. Thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008 Jun;48(6):1000-7.[Abstract][Full Text]

48. Kwo PY, Cohen SM, Lim JK. ACG clinical guideline: evaluation of abnormal liver chemistries. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jan;112(1):18-35.[Abstract][Full Text]

49. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on haemochromatosis. J Hepatol. 2022 Aug;77(2):479-502.[Abstract][Full Text]

50. Liu WT, Jing YY, Han ZP, et al. The injured liver induces hyperimmunoglobulinemia by failing to dispose of antigens and endotoxins in the portal system. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 31;10(3):e0122739.[Abstract][Full Text]

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52. Zhang J, Chen G, Zhang P, et al. The threshold of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0228857.[Abstract][Full Text]

53. de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Baveno VII: renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2022 Apr;76(4):959-74.[Abstract][Full Text]

54. Wickremeratne T, Turner S, O'Beirne J. Systematic review with meta-analysis: ultra-thin gastroscopy compared to conventional gastroscopy for the diagnosis of oesophageal varices in people with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Jun;49(12):1464-73.[Abstract]

55. Vadera S, Yong CWK, Gluud LL, et al. Band ligation versus no intervention for primary prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in adults with cirrhosis and oesophageal varices. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 20;6:CD012673.[Abstract][Full Text]

56. Roccarina D, Best LM, Freeman SC, et al. Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 6;4(4):CD013121.[Abstract][Full Text]

57. Villanueva C, Sapena V, Lo GH, et al. Improving primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding by adapting therapy to the clinical stage of cirrhosis. A competing-risk meta-analysis of individual participant data. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024 Feb;59(3):306-21.[Abstract]

58. Deng H, Qi X, Guo X. Computed tomography for the diagnosis of varices in liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Postgrad Med. 2017 Apr;129(3):318-28.[Abstract]

59. Xiao H, Shi M, Xie Y, et al. Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography and Fibroscan for detecting liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 6;12(11):e0186660.[Abstract][Full Text]

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61. West J, Card TR. Reduced mortality rates following elective percutaneous liver biopsies. Gastroenterology. 2010 Oct;139(4):1230-7.[Abstract]

62. Child CG, Turcotte JG. Surgery and portal hypertension. Major Probl Clin Surg. 1964;1:1-85.[Abstract]

63. Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, et al. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 1973 Aug;60(8):646-9.[Abstract]

64. Jepsen P, Vilstrup H, Lash TL. Development and validation of a comorbidity scoring system for patients with cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2014 Jan;146(1):147-56; quiz e15-6.[Abstract]

65. Kim WR, Biggins SW, Kremers WK, et al. Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list. N Engl J Med. 2008 Sep 4;359(10):1018-26.[Abstract][Full Text]

66. Kamath PS, Wiesner RH, Malinchoc M, et al. A model to predict survival in patients with end-stage liver disease. Hepatology. 2001 Feb;33(2):464-70.[Abstract]

67. Sterling RK, Duarte-Rojo A, Patel K, et al. AASLD practice guideline on imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Hepatology. 2024 Mar 15 [Epub ahead of print].[Abstract][Full Text]

68. Barr RG, Wilson SR, Rubens D, et al. Update to the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound liver elastography consensus statement. Radiology. 2020 Aug;296(2):263-74.[Abstract][Full Text]

69. Talwalkar JA, Kurtz DM, Schoenleber SJ, et al. Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1214-20.[Abstract]

70. Friedrich-Rust M, Ong MF, Martens S, et al. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2008 Apr;134(4):960-74.[Abstract]

71. Stebbing J, Farouk L, Panos G, et al. A meta-analysis of transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar;44(3):214-9.[Abstract]

72. Chon YE, Choi EH, Song KJ, et al. Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44930.[Abstract][Full Text]

73. Takuma Y, Nouso K, Morimoto Y, et al. Measurement of spleen stiffness by acoustic radiation force impulse imaging identifies cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jan;144(1):92-101.e2.[Abstract][Full Text]

74. Cassinotto C, Boursier J, de Lédinghen V, et al. Liver stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comparison of supersonic shear imaging, FibroScan, and ARFI with liver biopsy. Hepatology. 2016 Jun;63(6):1817-27.[Abstract]

75. Hu X, Qiu L, Liu D, et al. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography for non‑invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Ultrason. 2017 Jan 31;19(1):23-31.[Abstract][Full Text]

76. Adebajo CO, Talwalkar JA, Poterucha JJ, et al. Ultrasound-based transient elastography for the detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with recurrent hepatitis C virus after liver transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 2012 Mar;18(3):323-31.[Abstract][Full Text]

77. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis: 2021 update. J Hepatol. 2021 Sep;75(3):659-89.[Abstract][Full Text]

78. Yang D, Li D, Li J, et al. Systematic review: the diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for liver fibrosis staging. Eur J Radiol. 2020 Apr;125:108857.[Abstract]

79. Xu X, Jin J, Liu Y. Performance of FibroScan in grading steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2023 Nov;24(4):189-97.[Abstract]

80. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. FibroScan for assessing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis outside secondary and specialist care. Jun 2023 [internet publication]​.[Full Text]

81. Sterling RK, Patel K, Duarte-Rojo A, et al. AASLD practice guideline on blood-based noninvasive liver disease assessment of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Hepatology. 2024 Mar 15 [Epub ahead of print].[Abstract][Full Text]

82. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2017 Aug;67(2):370-98.[Abstract][Full Text]

83. Sterling RK, Asrani SK, Levine D, et al. AASLD practice guideline on noninvasive liver disease assessment of portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2024 Mar 15 [Epub ahead of print].[Abstract][Full Text]

84. Thabut D, Weil D, Bouzbib C, et al. Non-invasive diagnosis and follow-up of portal hypertension. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2022 Oct;46(8):101767.[Abstract]

85. de Franchis R, Baveno VI Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015 Sep;63(3):743-52.[Abstract][Full Text]

86. European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2018 Aug;69(2):406-60.[Abstract][Full Text]

87. Angeli P, Gines P, Wong F, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites. Gut. 2015 Apr;64(4):531-7.[Abstract][Full Text]

88. Flamm SL, Wong F, Ahn J, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the evaluation and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: expert review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Dec;20(12):2707-16.[Abstract][Full Text]

89. Wong F. Acute kidney injury in liver cirrhosis: new definition and application. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2016 Dec;22(4):415-22.[Abstract][Full Text]

90. Karvellas CJ, Bajaj JS, Kamath PS, et al. AASLD practice guidance on acute-on-chronic liver failure and the management of critically ill patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2024 Jun 1;79(6):1463-502.[Abstract][Full Text]

91. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Abnormal liver function tests​. 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]

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103. Biggins SW, Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome: 2021 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021;74(2):1014-48.[Abstract][Full Text]

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108. Aithal GP, Palaniyappan N, China L, et al. Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut. 2021 Jan;70(1):9-29.[Abstract][Full Text]

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