Acute cystitis - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

The most common etiologic organism implicated in acute cystitis is Escherichia coli .
For uncomplicated acute cystitis, diagnosis may be made according to history alone.
For complicated cases of cystitis, urinalysis and culture are typically required as part of the diagnostic workup.
Complicating factors include anatomic or functional abnormalities within the urinary tract, male sex, pregnancy, immunosuppression (e.g., renal transplant), diabetes, incomplete voiding, indwelling urinary catheter, recent instrumentation, healthcare-associated infection, or history of infection with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms or other multidrug resistant organisms.
Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for both uncomplicated and complicated acute cystitis. Complicated cases require a longer and more aggressive antibiotics course.

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History & Exam
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

European Association of Urology. Guidelines on urological infections. 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
American Urological Association. Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA/CUA/SUFU guideline. 2022 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Nicolle LE, Gupta K, Bradley SF, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 May 15;68(10):e83-110.[Full Text]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Urinary tract infection (recurrent): antimicrobial prescribing (NG112). Oct 2018 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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