Preeclampsia - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive syndrome that occurs in pregnant women, most often after 20 weeks' gestation, which consists of new-onset, persistent hypertension with either proteinuria or evidence of systemic involvement.
All pregnant women presenting with hypertension and either proteinuria or evidence of systemic involvement require close assessment and monitoring for preeclampsia and its complications.
Delivery is the definitive treatment; the decision about when and how to deliver should only be made after a thorough assessment of the risk and benefits to the mother and baby.
Other mainstays of management include antihypertensive therapy, seizure control, and fluid restriction.
Maternal mortality is highest after delivery, so vigilance should be maintained in the postpartum period.

Patient with severe preeclampsia in intensive care unit post seizure

From the personal collection of Dr James J. Walker; used with permission

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry: (1) normal pattern; (2) reduced end diastolic flow; (3) absent end diastolic flow; (4) reverse end diastolic flow
Patient with severe preeclampsia in intensive care unit post seizure

Citations

Key Articles

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 222: gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Jun 2020 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Magee LA, Brown MA, Hall DR, et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022 Mar;27:148-69.[Abstract]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, et al. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) initiative on pre-eclampsia: a pragmatic guide for first-trimester screening and prevention. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 May;145 Suppl 1:1-33.[Abstract][Full Text]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. PLGF-based testing to help diagnose suspected preterm pre-eclampsia. Jul 2022 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Other Online Resources

PRE-EMPT: fullPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) - external validation and recalibration
The Fetal Medicine Foundation: risk for preeclampsia assessment
Preeclampsia Foundation
Action on Pre-eclampsia

Referenced Articles

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