Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy and the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death in young people.
Presentation varies from asymptomatic to symptoms of heart failure.
Physical examination may be normal at rest. Auscultation along the left sternal border when the patient is standing after a brief period of exercise may elicit a murmur.
Family history may be present. Echocardiography should be used to screen first-degree family members.
Has a benign prognosis in the majority of patients.

Long axis echocardiography view - asymmetric septal hypertrophy

From the collection of Dr Anji T. Yetman MD, University of Utah; used with permission

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

ECG showing changes associated with LVH
Giant T-wave inversion
CXR of a patient with HCM demonstrating cardiomegaly
Apical 4-chamber image demonstrating hypertrophy of the interventricular septum
Long axis echocardiography view - asymmetric septal hypertrophy

Citations

Key Articles

Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2023 Oct 1;44(37):3503-626.[Abstract][Full Text]
Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2020 Dec 22;142(25):e558-631.[Abstract][Full Text]
Richard P, Charron P, Carrier L, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of disease genes, spectrum of mutations, and implications for a molecular diagnosis strategy. Circulation. 2003 May 6;107(17):2227-32. [Erratum in: Circulation. 2004 Jun 29;109(25):3258.][Abstract][Full Text]
O'Mahony C, Jichi F, Pavlou M, et al. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD). Eur Heart J. 2014 Aug 7;35(30):2010-20.[Abstract][Full Text]
Pelliccia A, Sharma S, Gati S, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2021 Jan 1;42(1):17-96.[Abstract][Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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