Highlights & Basics
- An acute asthma exacerbation in adults presents as an acute or subacute episode of progressive worsening of asthma symptoms, such as shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and chest tightness.
- Pulse rate, respiratory rate, subjective assessment of respiratory distress, accessory muscle use, and auscultation of the lung fields are key factors to assess during physical exam.
- An increase in airway obstruction that can be quantified objectively by peak flow measurement or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) is typical in an acute exacerbation.
- Early administration of bronchodilators and corticosteroids relieves airflow obstruction and helps to prevent future relapses. Severe exacerbations often require additional therapy, including oxygen, intravenous magnesium, and, in some circumstances, mechanical ventilation.
- Complications include pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and respiratory failure.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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British Thoracic Society; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. BTS/SIGN British guideline on the management of asthma. Nov 2024 [internet publication].[Full Text]
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