Highlights & Basics
- Cholera is an epidemic secretory diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. V cholerae releases a toxin that stimulates adenylate cyclase in intestinal cells. Cholera is usually a disease occurring in the context of poverty, war, or displacement, but is also well described in returning travelers.
- Classically, patients present passing large quantities (liters) of rice-water stools.
- Basic laboratory tests are nonspecific. Culture of the organism is definitive, and rapid dipstick tests are available, while molecular detection methods are gaining importance as part of epidemic surveillance.
- Most patients will recover if the effects of the ensuing profound volume depletion respond to oral and/or intravenous rehydration.
- Antibiotics shorten the duration and severity of disease, but increasing rates of bacterial resistance are becoming problematic.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Images
Cup of typical "rice-water" stool from a cholera patient shows flecks of mucus that have settled to the bottom
Vibrio cholerae: Leifson flagella stain (digitally colored)
Typical shanty town in Kampala, Uganda; cholera outbreaks are commonplace in low-income countries
Due to severe volume depletion, cholera manifests itself in decreased skin turgor, which produces the so-called "washer woman's hand" sign
Citations
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