- as a component of disease processes
- accidentally induced
- deliberately induced (therapeutic).[3]
Summary
Epidemiology
Physiology
- (H+)=24(PaCO₂/HCO₃-)
- change in HCO₃- (mEq/L ) = 0.1 x change in PaCO₂ (mmHg)
- change in HCO₃- (mEq/L) = 0.4 x change in PaCO₂ (mmHg)
- Initially, hyperkalemia occurs owing to hyperventilation-induced augmentation of alpha-adrenergic activity. Afterwards, hypokalemia ensues owing to transcellular shift, decreased renal reabsorption, and bicarbonaturia. Bicarbonaturia increases renal potassium excretion.[26] [27] Hypokalemia is usually mild but can be severe in pregnant women due to high circulating progesterone levels causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis. One case report described a patient with respiratory alkalosis-induced hypokalemia leading to flaccid paralysis.[19]
Citations
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