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Highlights & Basics
- Personality disorders are a relatively common, chronic pattern of perceptual and behavioral abnormalities. These manifest as problems in at least two of the following domains: cognitive-perceptual, affect regulation, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control.
- Onset of symptoms in childhood/adolescence with stability over time.
- Typical presentation involves comorbid disorders (more than one personality disorder or additional diagnoses of depression, anxiety, somatoform, or substance use disorder).
- Ongoing relationship with a primary care physician is essential but may be challenging to maintain.
- Potential for self-harm must be monitored. There is also potential for social withdrawal.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed, text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2022.[Full Text]
Keepers GA, Fochtmann LJ, Anzia JM, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 1;181(11):1024-8.[Abstract]
Storebø OJ, Stoffers-Winterling JM, Völlm BA, et al. Psychological therapies for people with borderline personality disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 May 4;5:CD012955.[Abstract][Full Text]
Cristea IA, Gentili C, Cotet CD, et al. Efficacy of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 1;74(4):319-28.[Abstract][Full Text]
Abbass AA, Kisely SR, Town JM, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapies for common mental disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 1;(7):CD004687.[Abstract][Full Text]
Herpertz SC, Zanarini M, Schulz CS, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of personality disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2007;8(4):212-44.[Abstract][Full Text]
- ASARI.ca - The assessment of suicide and risk inventory
- Suicide Prevention Resource Center: suicide prevention toolkit for primary care practices
- CDC: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study
- Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9
- Suicide Assessment Five-Step Evaluation and Triage for Clinicians (Safety-T) framework
- American Balint Society
- National Alliance on Mental Illness
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