Male factor infertility - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Male factor infertility alone contributes up to 30% of cases of infertile opposite-sex couples and to an additional 30% to 40% in combination with other factors.
Most cases are of unknown etiology.
Diagnosed if abnormal semen parameters in two semen analyses separated by 1 month.
Endocrine tests, genetic testing, and imaging can be helpful.
Treatment should be targeted to the etiologic factors whenever possible.

Quick Reference

History & Exam
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

Salonia A, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, et al; EAU Working Group on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health. European Association of Urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health - 2021 update: male sexual dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2021 Sep;80(3):333-57.[Abstract][Full Text]
Kuroda S, Usui K, Sanjo H, et al. Genetic disorders and male infertility. Reprod Med Biol. 2020 Oct;19(4):314-322.[Abstract][Full Text]
Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):36-43.[Abstract][Full Text]
Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):319-333.[Abstract][Full Text]
Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):44-51.[Abstract][Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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