Highlights & Basics
- Leishmaniasis has a range of clinical presentations; cutaneous leishmaniasis is more common, but visceral leishmaniasis is more serious and can be fatal if left untreated.
- Diagnosis is confirmed by various tests, including microscopic exam, culture, or molecular testing, depending on the type of leishmaniasis and test availability.
- Possible treatments depend on clinical presentations, parasite species and strain, and the country in which infection was acquired.
- Treatment is less effective and sometimes more toxic in people who are immunocompromised than in those who are immunocompetent.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Images
Ulcerative Leishmania braziliensis lesion from a student who traveled to Peru
Mucosal leishmaniasis in 2 Brazilian patients. A-D: patient 1 with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images showing enhancement and subcutaneous thickening adjacent to erosion of the left nasal wing and obliteration of the posterolateral recess (A and B), 3D volume-rendered image of multislice CT data (3D CT) and picture with erosion of the left nasal wing (C and D). F-H: patient 2 with PET/CT images showing preserved glycolytic metabolism of facial structures (E and F), 3D CT with collapse of the nasal pyramids (G), and bone window CT with diffuse thickening of nasal wings and collapse of the nasal pyramid (H)
Ulcerative Leishmania mexicana lesion, pre- and post-treatment
Hepatosplenomegaly in an Ethiopian patient with visceral leishmaniasis
Nodular post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in an Ethiopian patient
Female Phlebotomus papatasi sand fly
Life cycle of Leishmania species, the causal agents of leishmaniasis
Skin touch preparation showing Leishmania tropica amastigotes. Intact macrophage is practically filled with amastigotes, several of which have a clearly visible nucleus and kinetoplast (arrows)
Status of endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) worldwide, 2020
Status of endemicity of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) worldwide, 2020
Intralesional injection for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Status of the endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis worldwide, 2016
Citations
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Pan American Health Organization. Guideline for the treatment of Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Second edition. Sep 2022 [internet publication].[Full Text]
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