Depression in adults - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Depression can describe both a mood and an illness.
Major depressive disorder is a clinical syndrome involving mood, neurovegetative functions, cognition, and behavior.
Depressive disorders are very common and are among the leading causes of disability and excess mortality worldwide.
Risk factors include prior depression and a family history of depression. A history of adverse childhood experiences, recent bereavement, stress, or medical illness may contribute.
For screening and diagnosis, self-rating forms are helpful, but clinical diagnosis is essential. Positive screening should trigger full history, mental status exam, treatment, and follow-up.

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Depression in adults: treatment and management. Jun 2022 [internet publication].[Full Text]
American College of Physicians. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments of adults in the acute phase of major depressive disorder: a living clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Feb 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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