Highlights & Basics
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in pregnancy not only poses a threat to maternal immune health, but can lead to transmission of HIV in utero, intrapartum, or through breast-feeding postpartum.
- All pregnant women should be tested for HIV as early as possible in pregnancy. Repeat testing is recommended in the third trimester for pregnant women with initial negative tests who have high potential HIV exposure, live in an area with a high HIV prevalence, or receive care at a facility with a high HIV incidence.
- HIV-exposed infants should be tested for HIV infection at birth and seek specialty care for follow-up testing and treatment.
- All pregnant women with HIV should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), as early as possible in the pregnancy, regardless of CD4 count or viral load. ART should be prescribed continuously during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods, as well as prophylaxis for the neonate.
- Evidence-based, patient-centered counseling regarding breast-feeding and replacement feeding is recommended to inform shared decision-making.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
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Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
Panel on Treatment of HIV During Pregnancy and Prevention of Perinatal Transmission. Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in the United States. Jan 2024 [internet publication].[Full Text]
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