Pyloric stenosis - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Pyloric stenosis is a benign condition associated with recurrent projectile nonbilious vomiting, typically in a 2- to-12-week-old male infant.
Features may include a history of feeding intolerance with multiple formula changes.
Failure to thrive/weight loss may progress to increasing volume depletion. An olive-shaped mass may be palpable in the right upper abdomen.
Ultrasound shows pyloric channel length >15 mm and pyloric muscle thickness >3 mm.
Treatment is with intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement, followed by pyloromyotomy (open or laparascopic).

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Pyloric ultrasound. <1> interval: length; <2> interval: muscle width
Laparoscopic port placement.
Laparoscopic knife pyloric incision
Muscle-splitting maneuver

Citations

Key Articles

Aspelund G, Langer JC. Current management of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007 Feb;16(1):27-33.[Abstract]
Expert Panel on Pediatric Imaging., Alazraki AL, Rigsby CK, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Vomiting in infants. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Nov;17(11s):S505-S515.[Abstract][Full Text]
Staerkle RF, Lunger F, Fink L, et al. Open versus laparoscopic pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 9;3:CD012827.[Abstract][Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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