Sudden infant death syndrome - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Sudden infant death syndrome is the leading cause of infant death beyond the neonatal period.
Incidence roughly 1 in 2000 infants.
Peak incidence between 1 and 3 months of age, although events may occur up to 12 months of age.
Risk factors include exposure to tobacco smoke (prenatally and postnatally); prone and side sleeping; bed-sharing during sleep; a sleep environment that includes soft mattress and/or sleeping surface (including sofa or armchair), and placement of soft sleep bedding; overbundling/overheating; prematurity; exposure to alcohol, cannabis, opiates, and illicit drugs (prenatally and postnatally); and viral infection. Several risk factors may coexist in any given patient.
Protective factors include use of a pacifier during sleep, immunization, and breast-feeding.

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Definition

Epidemiology

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Citations

Key Articles

Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Sleep-related infant deaths: updated 2022 recommendations for reducing infant deaths in the sleep environment. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e2022057990.[Abstract][Full Text]
Moon RY, Carlin RF, Hand I, et al. Evidence base for 2022 updated recommendations for a safe infant sleeping environment to reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths. Pediatrics. 2022 Jul 1;150(1):e202205799.[Abstract][Full Text]
The Lullaby Trust. Evidence base. Mar 2019 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, et al. Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux clinical practice guidelines: joint recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-54.[Abstract][Full Text]
UNICEF UK. The Baby Friendly Initiative. [Full Text]
Palusci VJ, Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, Kay AJ, et al. Identifying child abuse fatalities during infancy. Pediatrics. 2019 Sep;144(3):e20192076.[Abstract][Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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78. Anderson TM, Lavista Ferres JM, Ren SY, et al. Maternal smoking before and during pregnancy and the risk of sudden unexpected infant death. Pediatrics. 2019 Apr;143(4):pii: e20183325.[Abstract][Full Text]
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