Highlights & Basics
- Phobias are one of the most common and treatable psychiatric conditions.
- Marked by fear or anxiety in the presence of a specific object or situation.
- Assessments are based on self-reports, clinical interviews, and behavioral observations.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy, especially exposure therapy, is considered first-line treatment for patients with frequent symptoms.
- Therapy can also be delivered through self-help, internet-assisted, and/or therapist-assisted modalities.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2022.
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Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Horowitz JD, Powers MB, et al. Psychological approaches in the treatment of specific phobias: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2008 Jul;28(6):1021-37.[Abstract]
Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, et al; Anxiety Disorders Association of Canada; McGill University. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S1.[Abstract][Full Text]
McMurtry CM, Taddio A, Noel M, et al. Exposure-based interventions for the management of individuals with high levels of needle fear across the lifespan: a clinical practice guideline and call for further research. Cogn Behav Ther. 2016 Apr;45(3):217-35.[Abstract][Full Text]
Grös DF, Antony MM. The assessment and treatment of specific phobias: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Aug;8(4):298-303.[Abstract]
Antony MM, Barlow DH. Specific phobias. In: Barlow DH, ed. Anxiety and its disorders: the nature and treatment of anxiety and panic. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 2002:380-417.
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