Highlights & Basics
- Cryptorchidism diagnosis is made on physical exam when one or both testes are not present within the dependent portion of the scrotal sac.
- Approximately 70% of cryptorchid testes are palpable within the upper portion of the scrotum or inguinal canal, whereas the other 30% are not palpable, suggesting either an intra-abdominal location, testicular nubbin, or anorchia.
- Referral to a specialist should be made by 6 months corrected gestational age and surgical correction should be performed within the next year. Testes that remain undescended by 6 months are unlikely to descend spontaneously.
- Boys with newly acquired (ascended) testicles should be referred to a surgical specialist.
- Delayed or lack of treatment has been associated with a higher incidence of testicular cancer and reduced fertility from the affected testis.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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Kolon TF, Herndon CD, Baker LA, et al. Evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):337-45.[Abstract][Full Text]
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Braga LH, Lorenzo AJ, Romao RLP. Canadian Urological Association-Pediatric Urologists of Canada (CUA-PUC) guideline for the diagnosis, management, and followup of cryptorchidism. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Jul;11(7):E251-60.[Abstract][Full Text]
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