Cyanosis and tachypnea are frequently encountered in the neonatal period. The prevalence of respiratory distress in newborns ranges from 2.9% to 7.6%. Cyanosis can result from a range of disorders, including cardiac, metabolic, neurologic, and pulmonary disorders. In all, 4.3% of newborns may require supplemental oxygen therapy because of cyanosis.[1] [2] [3] Cyanosis is dependent on the absolute concentration of the reduced hemoglobin and not on the ratio of reduced hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin. It is visually perceptible when reduced hemoglobin exceeds 3-5 g/dL. Cyanosis is classified into central and peripheral cyanosis. When present throughout the body, including the mucous membranes and tongue, the condition is termed central cyanosis. When limited to the extremities, it is termed peripheral cyanosis or acrocyanosis.
Summary
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Hyaline membrane disease (respiratory distress syndrome type 1): air bronchograms and a reticular granular pattern
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (respiratory distress syndrome type 2): perihilar streakiness and horizontal fissural fluid on the right
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM; formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [CCAM])
Tracheoesophageal fistula: orogastric tube curled in the esophagus
Pneumothorax (right side)
Pleural effusion (right side) with mediastinal shift to the left
Pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum with pneumothorax (left side)
Citations
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