Bipolar disorder in children - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Bipolar disorder in children is an uncommon condition that becomes more frequent in teens, approaching the rate seen in adults.
The adult criteria describe a disorder of fluctuating mood cycles, consisting of episodes of elevated mood and persistently increased activity or energy (mania) lasting at least 1 week, and episodes of lowered mood and activity (depression); an episode of mania is necessary for a diagnosis to be made.
A serious illness with recurrent episodes, leading to considerable impairment and an increased risk of suicide.
Diagnosis can be controversial, as criteria overlap with other childhood conditions such as ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder.
First-line treatment for manic episodes is antipsychotic therapy or mood stabilizers; the evidence base in children and adolescents is small, and comes mostly from industry-supported trials.

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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

McClellan J, Kowatch R, Findling RL, et al. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;46(1):107-25.[Abstract][Full Text]
Kowatch RA, Fristad M, Birmaher B, et al. Treatment guidelines for children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;44(3):213-35.[Abstract]
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bipolar disorder: assessment and management. Dec 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
McClellan J, Kowatch R, Findling RL, et al. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jan;46(1):107-25.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

ASEBA, University of Vermont: sample child behavior checklist
Royal College of Psychiatrists (UK): bipolar disorder - information for young people
MindEd (UK)

Referenced Articles

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