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Highlights & Basics
- Gastritis is the histological presence of gastric mucosal inflammation.Helicobacter pylori infection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or alcohol are the most common causes. Other causes include stress (secondary to mucosal ischemia) and autoimmune gastritis. Rare forms include phlegmonous gastritis (a rare bacterial infection).
- Diagnosis is based on clinical history and characteristic histologic findings. A variety of methods may be used to diagnose H pylori infection.
- Presence of suspicious features suggestive of upper gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy requires urgent endoscopy under appropriate clinical conditions. These include GI bleeding, anemia, early satiety, unexplained weight loss (>10% body weight), progressive dysphagia, odynophagia, or persistent vomiting.
- Treatment depends on the etiology. Options include H pylori-eradication therapy, reduction of NSAIDs or alcohol exposure, and symptomatic therapy with H2 antagonists or proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs).
- If untreated, progression to peptic ulcer disease may occur. Other complications of some forms of gastritis include gastric cancer and gastric lymphoma.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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