Salmonella infection - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Salmonellosis is a very common cause of gastroenteritis in the developed world and invasive disease in the developing world.
Salmonella enterica causes both sporadic infections and outbreaks of disease.
Almost any food product can be contaminated, but outbreaks are most commonly due to poultry, dairy items such as raw milk, and undercooked eggs. Outbreaks associated with ingestion of peanut products and raw produce such as sprouts have been described. Reptile exposure also has been associated with the development of the disease.
The clinical presentation is most commonly a self-limited gastroenteritis.
Diagnosis relies on isolation of the organism from stool cultures or by detection of pathogen-specific nucleic acid.

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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Citations

Key Articles

Delahoy MJ, Shah HJ, Weller DL, et al. Preliminary incidence and trends of infections caused by pathogens transmitted commonly through food - foodborne diseases active surveillance network, 10 U.S. sites, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Jun 30;72(26):701-6.[Abstract][Full Text]
Pegues DA, Miller SI. Salmonella species, including Salmonella Typhi. In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2010:2887-903.
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 29;65(12):1963-73.[Abstract][Full Text]
Riddle MS, DuPont HL, Connor BA. ACG Clinical guideline: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May;111(5):602-22.[Abstract]

Other Online Resources

WHO: Salmonella (non-typhoidal) fact sheet
USDA: basics for handling food safely
CDC: guide to confirming an etiology in foodborne disease outbreak

Referenced Articles

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