Highlights & Basics
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly associated with sepsis, cardiovascular collapse, congestive heart failure, major surgery, nephrotoxins (such as antibiotics, intravenous contrast, or other drugs), or urinary outflow obstruction.
- May present with flank pain, hematuria, hypertension or hypotension, edema, lethargy, uremia, or decreased urine output; however, often asymptomatic and only diagnosed by laboratory tests.
- An acute increase in serum creatinine is essential for diagnosis. Fluid overload, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, and elevated urea nitrogen are common.
- The mainstay of treatment is supportive care, with management of the underlying illness; correction of acid/base, electrolyte, and volume complications; removal or minimization of nephrotoxins; and relief of any associated obstruction being key.
- Renal replacement therapy with dialysis may be required and is usually well tolerated.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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Moore PK, Hsu RK, Liu KD. Management of acute kidney injury: core curriculum 2018. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018 Jul;72(1):136-48.[Abstract][Full Text]
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