Evaluation of lymphadenopathy

Diseases

Summary

Lymphadenopathy is defined as lymph nodes that are abnormal in size (>1 cm), consistency or number.[1]

The extent of lymphadenopathy is defined as localized when it involves only one region, and generalized when it involves more than one region.

Lymphadenopathy is commonly encountered by physicians in clinical practice and requires a comprehensive evaluation.

When initiating a workup, the physician should pay close attention to the size, location, consistency and number of enlarged lymph nodes, as well as to the patient's age, duration of lymphadenopathy, exposures, and any associated symptoms.

Etiologies of lymphadenopathy can include malignancies, infections, autoimmune disorders, miscellaneous/unusual conditions, and iatrogenic causes. While the cause of lymphadenopathy is often apparent after a careful history and physical exam, further testing may be required and may include investigation with microbiologic and serologic tests, imaging and/or biopsy.

Library

Bilateral hilar adenopathy
Prominent collateral vein on the anterior chest and abdominal wall in a patient with superior vena cava syndrome
Lymph node groups in the head and neck; the numbers refer to the anatomic levels of the lymph nodes

Citations

Key Articles

Habermann TM, Steensma DP. Lymphadenopathy. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000 Jul;75(7):723-32.[Abstract]
Brown JR, Skarin AT. Clinical mimics of lymphoma. Oncologist. 2004;9(4):406-16.[Abstract][Full Text]
Pynnonen MA, Gillespie MB, Roman B, et al. Clinical practice guideline: evaluation of the neck mass in adults. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Sep;157(suppl 2):S1-30.[Abstract][Full Text]

Other Online Resources

CDC laboratory protocols: rubella

Referenced Articles

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