Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is a notifiable condition in the US.
Epidemiologic history of rodent infestation in or around the dwelling and/or cleaning out of rodent-contaminated enclosed areas are risk factors for hantavirus infection.
Presents as a nonspecific viral illness with fever, headache, myalgias, and often prominent gastrointestinal symptoms. During the pulmonary phase there is increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia, which can progress rapidly to cardiogenic shock and death.
Although there is no specific treatment or cure, cases must be managed in an intensive care unit. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, analgesia, and antipyretics are given while awaiting confirmation of diagnosis.
In the cardiopulmonary phase of the disease, a falling cardiac index with evidence of cardiovascular collapse is an indication for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Mortality is between 30% and 50%, due to pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock.

Peromyscus maniculatus: the deer mouse, vector for Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which causes most cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome

CDC Public Health Image Library (PHIL), James Gathany

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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Peromyscus maniculatus: the deer mouse, vector for Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which causes most cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome
Bilateral fluffy pulmonary infiltrates in hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

Citations

Key Articles

Jonsson CB, Hooper J, Mertz G. Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Antiviral Res. 2008 Apr;78(1):162-9. [Abstract][Full Text]
Mertz GJ, Hjelle B, Crowley M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of new world hantavirus infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006 Oct;19(5):437-42.[Abstract]
Chang B, Crowley M, Campen M, et al. Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Apr;28(2):193-200.[Abstract]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) 2015 case definition. 2015 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General hantavirus technical/clinical information: clinical manifestation. August 2012 [internet publication].[Full Text]

Other Online Resources

CDC: cleaning up after pet rodents to reduce the risk of Seoul virus infection
CDC: interim guidance for cleaning and disinfection of vehicles with rodent infestations
CDC: hantavirus
CDC: State Health Department contacts

Referenced Articles

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