Highlights & Basics
- Febrile neutropenia is the most common life-threatening complication of cancer therapy; its treatment is an oncologic emergency.
- Prompt empiric antibiotic therapy has dramatically improved outcomes and decreased mortality from febrile neutropenia.
- Selecting the optimal agent(s) for empiric therapy is critical and should take into account local and regional antibiotic resistance patterns, individual patient history, and presenting signs and symptoms in association with fever.
- A causative organism is only identified in approximately one third of patients with febrile neutropenia.
- Due to a decreased ability to mount an inflammatory response, many patients with febrile neutropenia related to a deep-seated focus of infection fail to demonstrate typical localizing signs or symptoms.
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Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
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Citations
Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 15;52(4):e56-93.[Abstract][Full Text]
Smith TJ, Bohlke K, Lyman GH, et al. Recommendations for the use of WBC growth factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 1;33(28):3199-212.[Abstract]
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections [internet publication].[Full Text]
Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Feb 20;36(14):1443-53.[Abstract][Full Text]
Klastersky J, de Naurois J, Rolston K, et al. Management of febrile neutropaenia: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ann Oncol. 2016 Sep;27(5 suppl):v111-8.[Abstract][Full Text]
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