JAMA Netw Open

Behavioral therapy adds no clear benefit to buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder

August 21, 2025

Study details: This secondary analysis pooled data from four randomized trials involving 869 adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with buprenorphine and medical management. The trials compared outcomes between patients receiving buprenorphine alone vs. those receiving additional behavioral therapies, including cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, and drug counseling. Primary outcomes: treatment retention and functioning across seven domains.

Results: Adjunctive behavioral therapy didn’t significantly improve buprenorphine retention or functioning compared with buprenorphine with medical management alone. Patients receiving behavioral therapy had a similar number of opioid-free weeks (mean 7.16 vs. 7.00; P = .37) and comparable buprenorphine retention (mean 10.29 vs. 10.21 weeks out of 12; P = .98). No statistically significant differences were observed in these outcomes, and no subgroups (e.g., those with heroin use, psychiatric comorbidities, chronic pain) showed consistent benefit from added therapy when correcting for multiple comparisons.

Clinical impact: Buprenorphine combined with structured medical management remains a highly effective treatment for OUD. Routine addition of behavioral therapy may not be necessary for most patients, though a stepped-care approach could be considered for those with complex needs or poor early response.

Source:

McHugh RK, et al. (2025, August 20). JAMA Netw Open. Behavioral Therapy as an Adjunct to Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40833692/