Respiratory syncytial virus infection - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis; nearly every child has been infected by 2 years of age.
Typical seasonal outbreaks occur during winter months from October through February in the northern hemisphere, and from May through September in the southern hemisphere.
Characterized by cough, wheeze, respiratory distress, and hypoxia.
Most episodes are mild and self-limited.
Treatment is mostly supportive: supplemental oxygen, nasal toilet, respiratory support, and nutritional support as needed.

Air trapping and peribronchial cuffing

From the personal collections of Melvin L. Wright, DO and Giovanni Piedimonte, MD; used with permission

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History & Exam
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Electron micrograph revealing the morphologic traits of the RSV
Atelectasis
Air trapping and peribronchial cuffing

Citations

Key Articles

Bont L, Checchia PA, Fauroux B, et al. Defining the epidemiology and burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants and children in western countries. Infect Dis Ther. 2016 Sep;5(3):271-98.[Abstract][Full Text]
Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis. Pediatrics. 2014 Nov;134(5):e1474-502.[Abstract][Full Text]
Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Red book. 32nd ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: AAP; 2021.[Full Text]

Referenced Articles

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