Abdominal aortic aneurysm - Symptoms, Causes, Images, and Treatment Options

Diseases

Highlights & Basics

Key Highlights

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is usually asymptomatic and typically detected incidentally. In the minority of patients who experience symptoms, abdominal, back, and groin pain are typical.
Ultrasound remains the definitive test for initial diagnosis and screening. Imaging with computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography is used for anatomical mapping to assist with operative planning.
For AAA detected as an incidental finding, surveillance is preferred to repair until the theoretical risk of rupture exceeds the estimated risk of operative mortality. Repair is indicated in patients with large asymptomatic AAA.
Mortality during elective surgical repair is higher for women than men for both open repair (7.0% vs. 5.2%) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) (2.1% vs. 1.3%).
Complications of treatment include acute kidney injury, limb ischemia, spinal cord ischemia, anastomotic pseudoaneurysm, graft infection, graft limb occlusion, and distal embolization. Endoleak is a specific complication of EVAR.

Ultrasound of a 3.8 cm x 4.2 cm AAA

University of Michigan/Dr G.R. Upchurch, Departments of Vascular Surgery and Radiology

Quick Reference

History & Exam
- Key Factors
- Other Factors
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Diagnostics Tests
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Treatment Options
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Definition

Epidemiology

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Images

Ultrasound of a 3.8 cm x 4.2 cm AAA
Computed tomography scan of a ruptured AAA
Various endovascular stent grafts used for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Type I endoleak at the distal left iliac anastomosis (leak encircled)
Extension stent graft deployed for the same type I endoleak (encircled)
Resolution of the type I endoleak resolved after extension deployed
Type II endoleak (encircled) discovered on follow-up computed tomography

Citations

Key Articles

Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, et al; US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Dec 10;322(22):2211-8.[Abstract][Full Text]
Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Hamilton Black J 3rd, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: a report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022 Dec 13;146(24):e334-e482.[Abstract][Full Text]
Wanhainen A, Verzini F, Van Herzeele I, et al. Editor's choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2019 clinical practice guidelines on the management of abdominal aorto-iliac artery aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019 Jan;57(1):8-93.[Abstract][Full Text]
Chaikof EL, Dalman RL, Eskandari MK, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines on the care of patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2018 Jan;67(1):2-77.e2.[Abstract][Full Text]

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