Highlights & Basics
- Amphetamine and methamphetamine use disorders involve compulsive substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Polysubstance use, for example with opioids, is an increasing problem, and increases mortality.
- Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment. Further investigations such as blood chemistries, urine toxicology testing or blood or urine gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, ECG and cardiac blood markers, or chest x-ray may be indicated. Evaluation and management of co-occurring psychiatric conditions is essential.
- Patients with signs of acute intoxication (e.g., hyperthermia, severe agitation, seizures, or chest pain) will require emergency investigation and treatment.
- Psychosocial interventions such as contingency management, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, Matrix model, and community reinforcement approach are the mainstays of treatment; evidence for pharmacotherapy is limited and is generally only considered in specialist care settings.
- Effective management strategies incorporate a degree of long-term continuing care in addition to acute management of exacerbations.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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