Highlights & Basics
- Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a common condition, typically affecting adult men more commonly than adult women, although this difference is narrowing.
- Patients typically present with acute renal colic, although some patients are asymptomatic.
- Multiple risk factors include chronic dehydration, diet, obesity, positive family history, specific medications, and various metabolic abnormalities.
- Non-contrast computed tomography scan of the abdomen/pelvis is the imaging modality with the highest sensitivity and specificity to diagnose stones. Plain x-ray (KUB) and renal ultrasound can be utilized for diagnosis in some cases, such as a desire to reduce or eliminate radiation exposure.
- Treatment consists of both medical and surgical therapies.
Quick Reference
History & Exam
Key Factors
Other Factors
Diagnostics Tests
Treatment Options
Definition
Epidemiology
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Citations
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European Association of Urology. Urolithiasis. Mar 2023 [internet publication].[Full Text]
Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society Guideline. 2016 [internet publication].[Full Text]
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