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Sezaby
phenobarbital
Black Box Warnings .
Risks from Concomitant Opioid Use
concomitant phenobarbital use w/ opioids may result in profound sedation, resp. depression, coma, and death; reserve concomitant use for pts w/ inadequate alternative tx options; limit to minimum required dosage and duration; monitor pts for s/sx of resp. depression and sedation
Dependence and Withdrawal Reactions
cont. phenobarbital use may lead to clinically significant physical dependence; risk of dependence and withdrawal incr. w/ longer tx duration and higher daily dose; if used for longer duration than recommended, use gradual taper to D/C as abrupt D/C or rapid dose reduction may cause acute withdrawal reactions, potentially life-threatening
Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse w/ Unapproved Use
not approved for adolescent or adult pts; phenobarbital exposes users to risk of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death; commonly involves concomitant use w/ other meds, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is assoc. w/ incr. frequency of serious adverse outcomes
Adult Dosing .
Adult dosing is currently unavailable or not applicable for this drug.
Peds Dosing .
- Dosage forms: INJ
neonatal seizures
- [preterm infants, loading dose]
- Dose: 20 mg/kg/dose IV x1, then may give 10-20 mg/kg/dose IV x1 at least 15min after 1st dose complete if seizure persists; Max: 40 mg/kg/total dose
- [preterm infants, maintenance tx]
- Dose: 4.5 mg/kg/day IV divided q8-12h for up to 5 days; Start: 8-12h after 1st loading dose
- [full-term infants, loading dose]
- Dose: 20 mg/kg/dose IV x1, then may give 20 mg/kg/dose IV x1 at least 15min after 1st dose complete if seizure persists; Max: 40 mg/kg/total dose
- [full-term infants, maintenance tx]
- Dose: 4.5 mg/kg/day IV divided q8-12h for up to 5 days; Start: 8-12h after 1st loading dose
renal dosing
- [not defined]
- renal impairment: not defined
- HD/PD: not defined
hepatic dosing
- [not defined]