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butorphanol
generic
Black Box Warnings .
Appropriate Use
should only be prescribed by healthcare professionals knowledgeable about opioid use and how to mitigate assoc. risks; reserve opioid analgesics for pts w/ inadequate tx alternatives; proper dosing and titration essential to decr. resp. depression risk
Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse
opioid agonist Schedule IV controlled substance w/ risk of addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death; assess opioid abuse or addiction risk prior to prescribing; regularly reassess all pts for misuse, abuse, and addiction
Respiratory Depression
serious, life-threatening, or fatal cases may occur even w/ recommended use, esp. during tx start or after dose incr; to decr. risk, initiate and titrate dose appropriately
Accidental Ingestion
accidental ingestion of even one dose, esp. in children, can result in fatal butorphanol overdose
Risks from Concomitant Use w/ Benzodiazepines, CNS Depressants
concomitant opioid use w/ benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, incl. alcohol, may result in profound sedation, resp. depression, coma, and death; reserve concomitant use for pts w/ inadequate alternative tx options
Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
advise pregnant pts w/ extended opioid use of risk of potentially life-threatening neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome; ensure tx by neonatology experts avail. at delivery
Opioid Analgesic REMS
providers are strongly encouraged to complete risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS)-compliant education program, counsel pts and/or caregivers w/ each Rx on serious risks, safe use, and importance of reading medication guide
CYP450 3A4 Interaction
concomitant use w/ CYP450 3A4 inhibitors or D/C of concomitant CYP450 3A4 inducers may incr. butorphanol levels and may cause potentially fatal resp. depression; monitor pts receiving any concomitant CYP450 3A4 inhibitor or inducer
Adult Dosing .
Dosage forms: INJ: 1 mg per mL, 2 mg per mL
pain, mod-severe
- [0.5-2 mg IV q3-4h prn]
- Start: 1 mg IV q3-4h prn; Max: 4 mg/dose IM; Alt: start 2 mg IM q3-4h prn, may adjust dose to 1-4 mg IM q3-4h prn; Info: use lowest effective dose, shortest effective tx duration
analgesia, preop
- [2 mg IM x1]
- Start: 60-90min before surgery
anesthesia adjunct
- [2 mg IV x1, then 0.5-1 mg IV prn]
- Start: before induction
renal dosing
- [pain, moderate-severe]
- renal impairment: start 0.5 mg IV q6h prn or 1 mg IM q6h prn
- HD/PD: not defined
- [all other indications]
- renal impairment: not defined
- HD/PD: not defined
hepatic dosing
- [pain, moderate-severe]
- hepatic impairment: start 0.5 mg IV q6h prn or 1 mg IM q6h prn
- [all other indications]
- hepatic impairment: not defined
Peds Dosing .
Peds dosing is currently unavailable or not applicable for this drug.